Every peptide, fully explained.

5-Amino-1MQ is a small-molecule inhibitor of nicotinamide N-methyltransferase (NNMT). In adipose tissue, elevated NNMT activity is linked to a sluggish metabolism and resistance to fat loss. Blocking it appears to restore NAD+ and SAM pools inside fat cells.

• Targeted reduction of visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue without appetite suppression
• Preserves lean muscle during a cut — unlike GLP-1s, it does not blunt hunger
• Anecdotal reports of improved insulin sensitivity and energy

AOD-9604 is the modified C-terminal fragment (amino acids 176–191) of hGH. It was engineered to retain the fat-mobilizing properties of growth hormone while stripping out the IGF-1-driven anabolic and glucose-altering effects.

• Mobilization of stored fat for energy, particularly around the midsection
• Does not raise IGF-1 or blood sugar, so it stacks cleanly with most other peptides
• Popular in 'recomp' phases where users want to drop fat without losing strength

Cagrilintide is a long-acting amylin receptor agonist. Amylin is co-secreted with insulin and tells the brain you're full. People with insulin resistance often have a broken amylin signal — this restores it.

• Significant appetite reduction, especially evening snacking and reward-driven eating
• Slows gastric emptying for longer satiety
• Stacks with GLP-1s (semaglutide, tirzepatide) for synergistic weight loss

A single molecule that activates three incretin/metabolic receptors. Phase 2 trials showed roughly 24% body weight loss at 48 weeks at the high dose — substantially more than tirzepatide.

• Significant obesity where tirzepatide and semaglutide have stalled
• Improvements in liver fat (NAFLD/NASH)
• Slow up-titration is essential — GI side effects are pronounced

A long-acting GLP-1 receptor agonist. Slows gastric emptying, increases satiety, and improves insulin sensitivity. Sold as Ozempic and Wegovy.

• Type 2 diabetes management
• Sustained weight loss of 12–15% body weight at a year
• Cardiovascular risk reduction (independent of weight loss)

Activates both GLP-1 (satiety, glucose) and glucagon (energy expenditure, hepatic fat). The glucagon arm explains why weight loss is faster than pure GLP-1s without proportionally more appetite suppression.

• Significant NAFLD/NASH — strong liver-fat reduction signal in trials
• Weight loss with a metabolic rate that actually rises
• Twice-weekly dosing fits busy travel schedules

Activates both GLP-1 and GIP receptors. Sold as Mounjaro (diabetes) and Zepbound (obesity). Trial data shows 20–22% body weight loss at the high dose, surpassing semaglutide.

• Type 2 diabetes with significant obesity
• Higher weight-loss ceiling than semaglutide
• GI side effects exist but are typically milder than retatrutide

CagriSema pairs Semaglutide (a GLP-1 receptor agonist) with Cagrilintide (a long-acting amylin analog). Amylin hits satiety pathways GLP-1 misses, which is why in trials this combo produced meaningfully greater weight loss than either alone — with less appetite rebound between doses.

Titrate up slowly — combined GI side effects can be additive in the first 2–3 weeks.

• Better weekly appetite control than semaglutide alone
• Smoother glucose curves through the week
• Less 'food noise' and evening hunger
• Stalled semaglutide users looking for a next step

Combines Retatrutide (GLP-1 + GIP + glucagon triple agonist) with Cagrilintide (amylin analog). Retatrutide already produces the largest weight loss of any incretin in trials; adding amylin extends satiety and may protect lean mass during aggressive cuts.

Highly potent — start at low doses and titrate. GI side effects and fatigue are more common than with sema/cagri.

• Maximum-effect fat loss protocols
• Users who have plateaued on tirzepatide or reta alone
• Improved satiety and glucose response vs. reta monotherapy
• Weekly dosing convenience

Adipotide (FTPP) is a proapoptotic peptidomimetic that targets prohibitin on the vasculature of white adipose tissue, effectively starving fat cells of their blood supply. Primate studies showed dramatic fat loss with fat-cell death, not just fat-cell shrinkage — but with real kidney concerns at higher doses.

Highly investigational. Kidney function should be monitored; short cycles only. Not a mainstream protocol.

• Extreme short-cycle fat-loss research protocols
• Users targeting fat-cell number, not just size
• Curiosity about permanent adipose reduction

SLU-PP-332 is a small-molecule agonist of estrogen-related receptors (ERRα/β/γ). In mice it produced endurance and metabolic changes that look like the effects of consistent aerobic training — improved fat oxidation, mitochondrial biogenesis, and running capacity — without the training itself.

Not a peptide — it's a small molecule. Dose AM pre-training. Long-term human safety data is limited.

• Endurance and stamina support during cuts
• Improved fat oxidation without appetite suppression
• Users combining with GLP-1s to preserve output
• Curiosity about 'exercise in a vial' research

ARA-290 (Cibinetide) is an 11-amino-acid peptide derived from the tissue-protective portion of EPO. It binds the innate repair receptor on inflamed and damaged tissues, especially small nerve fibers.

• Repair of small-fiber neuropathy and chronic nerve pain
• Anti-inflammatory action in autoimmune and metabolic conditions
• Improvement in neuropathic symptoms reported in clinical trials for sarcoidosis and type 2 diabetes

BPC-157 is a 15-amino-acid fragment isolated from human gastric juice. It promotes angiogenesis (new blood vessel formation) at the site of injury and modulates the nitric oxide system, which is why it appears to speed soft-tissue healing dramatically.

• Tendon and ligament injuries — particularly stubborn ones like tennis elbow, Achilles, rotator cuff
• Leaky gut, ulcers, IBD-style inflammation
• Post-surgical recovery and bone healing
• Localized injections near the site of injury often outperform systemic dosing

Lower-dose BPC-157 protocol intended for general recovery rather than acute injury. Same peptide, smaller daily draw, run as a maintenance cycle.

• Day-to-day gut health — heartburn, food sensitivities, ulcerative symptoms
• Mild chronic joint discomfort
• Recovery during heavy training blocks

The most common BPC-157 cycle — 250 mcg/day, five-on/two-off, eight weeks at a time. Suits gut repair, joint preservation, and general recovery.

• Foundational 'healing stack' peptide alongside TB-500 or GHK-Cu
• Recovery between training cycles or after travel
• Gentle on the system; rarely produces side effects at this dose

20 mg vial reconstituted in 4 mL — same 250 mcg dose, same draw, more doses per vial. Practical for long protocols or households running two cycles in parallel.

• Cost-efficient way to run an 8-week cycle
• Less frequent reconstitution

BPC-157 drives angiogenesis at the injury site; TB-500 (Thymosin Beta-4 fragment) drives cell migration and actin remodeling. Together they cover both halves of soft-tissue healing.

• Significant or multi-site injuries
• Post-surgical recovery
• When a single peptide cycle isn't moving the needle

A naturally occurring tripeptide (Gly-His-Lys) bound to copper. Plasma levels drop sharply with age. Restoring it activates fibroblasts, increases collagen and elastin synthesis, and accelerates wound healing.

• Reversing skin thinning, fine lines, and laxity
• Hair regrowth in androgenic and stress-related thinning
• Faster recovery from cosmetic procedures (microneedling, laser)
• Subcutaneous injection systemically; topical for targeted skin work

A tripeptide (Lys-Pro-Val) at the tail end of alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone. It enters cells and downregulates NF-κB-driven inflammation directly, without the pigmentation effects of the full α-MSH molecule.

• Inflammatory bowel symptoms — Crohn's, UC, IBS flares
• Mast cell activation and histamine intolerance
• Skin inflammation — eczema, psoriasis (oral or topical)

A synthetic fragment of Thymosin Beta-4, the most abundant actin-sequestering protein in the body. Drives cell migration into injured tissue, blood vessel formation, and stem cell activation.

• Systemic injuries — when localized BPC-157 isn't enough
• Hair regrowth (notably in some MPB protocols)
• Pairs naturally with BPC-157

GLOW is a compounded blend of GHK-Cu, BPC-157, and TB-500. GHK-Cu drives copper into fibroblasts to upregulate collagen and elastin; BPC-157 promotes angiogenesis and tissue repair; TB-500 (Thymosin Beta-4 fragment) mobilizes actin to accelerate cell migration into damaged areas. Together they target skin quality, hair, and connective-tissue recovery from a single injection.

Most users dose subcutaneously into the abdomen in the morning. Avoid IM near recent fillers or cosmetic work for 7 days.

• Visibly firmer, more even skin tone within 4–8 weeks
• Faster recovery from cosmetic procedures (microneedling, lasers, PRP)
• Hair density and scalp health support
• Joint and soft-tissue maintenance without juggling three vials

KLOW is GLOW (GHK-Cu + BPC-157 + TB-500) with KPV — the C-terminal tripeptide of α-MSH — added in. KPV is a potent anti-inflammatory that works in the gut lining and on mast cells, which is why this blend is reached for when skin issues track with gut inflammation, eczema, or histamine flares.

Subcutaneous, AM. KPV is also stable orally — some protocols split between SubQ and oral capsule for gut-focused use.

• Skin issues that flare with gut symptoms (eczema, rosacea, dermatitis)
• IBD-style gut inflammation alongside skin repair goals
• Post-antibiotic gut + skin restoration
• Stacked recovery: gut, skin, hair, joints in one daily injection

Wolverine combines BPC-157 (angiogenesis, tendon/ligament repair), TB-500 (actin mobilization for whole-body cell migration), and GHK-Cu (collagen and copper delivery). It's what people reach for when a single healing peptide isn't cutting it — chronic tendon injuries, post-surgical recovery, or joint issues that have plateaued.

Subcutaneous near the injury site when practical. IM into the affected muscle for deep-tissue issues.

• Stubborn tendon, ligament, or cartilage injuries
• Post-surgical or post-op recovery
• Combat-sport, powerlifting, or endurance athletes chasing full-body repair
• One injection instead of three separate vials

Modified GHRH (1-29) that mimics the body's own pulsatile growth hormone release. Without DAC it stays in circulation for only ~30 minutes, so it produces a natural pulse rather than a sustained elevation.

• Better sleep depth (GH surges during slow-wave sleep)
• Lean recomposition without aromatization or shut-down
• Pairs with Ipamorelin for a true GHRH + GHRP synergistic pulse

The DAC (Drug Affinity Complex) extends half-life to roughly a week by binding to serum albumin. Dosing drops to twice weekly and GH levels stay elevated rather than pulsing.

• Convenience — twice-weekly injection vs. daily
• Sustained anabolic signaling for muscle and connective tissue
• Less suited to those who want to preserve normal GH pulsatility

Follistatin binds and neutralizes myostatin, the protein that tells skeletal muscle to stop growing. Removing the brake produces hyperplasia (new muscle fiber formation), not just hypertrophy.

• Breaking through plateaus in advanced trainees
• Run as a 20-day localized protocol once or twice a year
• Not a substitute for training stimulus — it amplifies whatever signal you already give the muscle

A potent ghrelin receptor agonist that produces the largest GH pulse of any commonly used GHRP. Also binds the CD36 receptor in cardiac tissue, with documented benefits to heart function.

• Largest GH pulse per injection of the GHRP family
• Demonstrated cardio-protective effects in animal and small human studies
• Tolerance builds fastest — best used in short pulses, not chronically

A selective ghrelin receptor agonist that triggers GH release without the appetite, cortisol, or prolactin elevation seen with older GHRPs like GHRP-6.

• Recovery, sleep, and lean recomposition with minimal side effects
• Best foundational GHRP for long-term use
• Stacks with CJC-1295 or Tesamorelin for a full GHRH + GHRP synergistic pulse

An alternative splice variant of IGF-1 expressed in muscle in response to mechanical load. It activates satellite cells (the stem cells of skeletal muscle) and drives new myonuclei.

• Localized muscle growth post-workout — inject directly into the muscle just trained
• Recovery from focal muscle injury
• Use is intentionally short (4 on, 4 off) because chronic dosing downregulates the receptor

A truncated GHRH (1-29) that triggers the pituitary to release its own GH. The first such peptide to be widely prescribed, with decades of pediatric and anti-aging clinic use.

• Restoring age-related decline in GH and IGF-1
• Sleep depth and body composition
• Gentler than CJC-1295 or Tesamorelin; preferred starting GHRH for cautious users

A stabilized GHRH analog approved for HIV-associated lipodystrophy. It selectively reduces visceral adipose tissue without affecting subcutaneous fat or causing the insulin issues of recombinant GH.

• Stubborn abdominal/visceral fat that diet and training can't move
• Improvements in lipid profile and liver fat
• Cognitive benefits in older adults (small clinical trials)

Tesamorelin (GHRH) primes the pituitary; Ipamorelin (GHRP) triggers the release. Together they produce a GH pulse larger than either alone, with Ipamorelin's clean side-effect profile.

• Optimal GH protocol for body composition and recovery
• Single injection instead of two
• Sleep depth, skin quality, lean mass

This blend layers three growth hormone releasers: Tesamorelin (potent GHRH analog with visceral-fat data), CJC-1295 no-DAC (GHRH pulse extension), and Ipamorelin (clean ghrelin-mimetic GH pulse without cortisol or prolactin bumps). The result is a bigger, cleaner nightly GH pulse than any of them alone.

Inject PM, on empty stomach, at least 60–90 minutes after food. Skip carbs immediately before to preserve the GH pulse.

• Sleep quality and recovery in older lifters
• Visceral fat reduction plus lean gains
• Skin, hair, and connective-tissue quality
• Convenience — one shot instead of stacking three vials

A nonapeptide originally isolated from rabbit cerebral venous blood during electro-induced sleep. It increases delta-wave (slow-wave) sleep, which is the restorative phase most adults are chronically short on.

• Restoring deep sleep that benzodiazepines and most sleep aids actually destroy
• Shift workers and frequent travelers fixing disrupted circadian rhythm
• Stress-related insomnia where the issue isn't falling asleep but staying deep

A synthetic analog of the immunomodulatory peptide tuftsin. Acts on GABAergic and serotonergic systems to reduce anxiety without the cognitive blunting of benzodiazepines.

• Generalized anxiety, social anxiety, performance anxiety
• PTSD and adjustment disorders
• Used by Russian cosmonauts for stress resilience

An analog of ACTH(4-10). Markedly increases BDNF (brain-derived neurotrophic factor) and modulates dopaminergic tone. Used in Russia for stroke recovery and cognitive deficit.

• Focus, memory consolidation, and verbal fluency
• Recovery from concussion or stroke
• ADHD-type symptoms in adults who don't want stimulants

Semax is a heptapeptide fragment of ACTH that raises BDNF, dopamine, and serotonin — sharpening focus and neuroprotection. Selank is an analog of tuftsin that modulates GABA and reduces anxiety without sedation. Together they produce alert calm — the profile most nootropic stacks are chasing.

Intranasal is common for both compounds and works well; subcutaneous is more consistent for daily dosing.

• Focus and mental clarity without stimulant jitters
• Anxiety, social stress, and burnout recovery
• Post-concussion and traumatic-brain-injury protocols
• ADHD-adjacent focus support

A four-amino-acid peptide (Ala-Glu-Asp-Gly) synthesized to mimic Epithalamin, an extract of the pineal gland. Multiple studies from the St. Petersburg Institute of Bioregulation and Gerontology show it lengthens telomeres and increases lifespan in animal models.

• Telomere maintenance — the only commonly available peptide with this mechanism
• Restored melatonin rhythm and sleep quality, particularly in over-50s
• Run as short pulses (20 days, two or three times a year) rather than continuously

FOXO4-DRI disrupts the FOXO4-p53 interaction that keeps senescent ('zombie') cells alive. With that interaction broken, those cells undergo apoptosis while healthy cells are spared.

• Reducing senescent cell burden, which rises with age and drives inflammation
• Short, intense protocols (two weeks, two or three times a year)
• Frequently reported subjective improvements in skin, hair, and energy after a cycle

Glutathione is a tripeptide (glutamate-cysteine-glycine) that every cell in the body makes and uses to neutralize oxidative stress, recycle vitamins C and E, and conjugate toxins in Phase II liver detox. Levels drop with age, alcohol, infection, heavy metal exposure, and chronic illness. Oral glutathione is largely broken down in the gut, which is why subcutaneous or IM injection is the preferred research route — it raises intracellular glutathione in a way pills cannot match.

Light- and oxygen-sensitive. Keep the reconstituted vial wrapped in foil in the fridge and use within 30 days. Many users pair with vitamin C for cofactor support.

• Liver and Phase II detox support — alcohol, mold, heavy metals, medications
• Skin brightening and more even tone (well-documented in dermatology literature)
• Reduced oxidative stress markers in chronic fatigue, long-COVID, and autoimmune protocols
• Stacks well with NAD+ and MOTS-c for mitochondrial recovery

Bioidentical to the body's own gonadotropin-releasing hormone. Pulsatile dosing tells the pituitary to release LH and FSH, which keeps testicular function online.

• Men on TRT who want to preserve fertility and testicular size
• Restarting the HPTA after a cycle
• More physiological than HCG because it acts upstream at the pituitary

Human chorionic gonadotropin binds the LH receptor on Leydig cells, directly stimulating testosterone and sperm production. Acts downstream of the pituitary.

• TRT users preserving fertility and testicular volume
• Restoring function after long suppression
• Stronger and more direct than gonadorelin, at the cost of being less physiological

A nine-amino-acid neuropeptide produced in the hypothalamus. Drives social bonding, trust, sexual response, and uterine contraction. Often low in people with high chronic stress or insecure attachment patterns.

• Couples-therapy and relationship work
• Reducing social anxiety and emotional flatness
• Post-partum mood and recovery

Bremelanotide is a melanocortin receptor agonist that acts on MC4R in the central nervous system. Unlike PDE5 inhibitors, it doesn't work on blood vessels — it works on desire itself.

• Low libido in men and women (FDA-approved as Vyleesi for HSDD in women)
• Cases where Viagra/Cialis fail because the issue is desire, not vasculature
• Onset 30–60 minutes, lasts hours

The active C-terminal fragment of human cathelicidin. Disrupts bacterial, viral, and fungal membranes and modulates the innate immune response. Levels are often low in chronic infection.

• Chronic biofilm infections that don't clear with antibiotics
• Lyme, mold illness, and stealth-pathogen protocols
• Acne and resistant skin infections

A polypeptide complex extracted from the thymus, with decades of Soviet and Russian clinical literature. Restores T-cell function in aged or immunocompromised patients.

• Frequent infections in older adults
• Recovery from prolonged illness
• Run as 20-day pulses two or three times per year, not continuously

A 28-amino-acid thymic peptide that shifts the immune response toward a balanced Th1/Th2 profile. Approved in 30+ countries for hepatitis B/C and as an immune adjuvant in cancer care.

• Autoimmune patterns where the immune system is dysregulated, not weak
• Chronic viral reactivation (EBV, CMV, hepatitis)
• Adjunct in immunosuppressed states

Same peptide, used acutely before and after international travel to brace against the immune dip that accompanies jet lag, recycled air, and disrupted circadian rhythm.

• Frequent international travelers
• Tour-day or competition-day immune support
• Bracing against seasonal exposure

A 28-amino-acid neuropeptide that regulates vascular tone, immune modulation, and circadian rhythm. Dr. Ritchie Shoemaker's CIRS protocol uses VIP as the final repair step after mold/biotoxin exposure.

• Chronic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (CIRS) and mold illness
• Pulmonary hypertension and sarcoidosis
• Most commonly delivered intranasally rather than subcutaneously

An analog of alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone that binds the MC1R receptor in melanocytes. More selective than MT-2, so it produces pigmentation with fewer central effects.

• Photoprotection for fair skin types prone to sun damage
• Even, sustained tan with less sun exposure
• Studied for vitiligo and erythropoietic protoporphyria

Binds MC1R (pigment), MC3R/MC4R (appetite, libido, sexual response). Less selective than MT-1, which is exactly why some users prefer it.

• Tanning with reduced sun exposure
• Strong libido and erectile response — the precursor to PT-141
• Mild appetite suppression in some users

MOTS-c is encoded inside mitochondrial DNA and acts on AMPK to regulate metabolism and inflammation. At higher concentrations it appears to dampen aberrant immune signaling.

• Hashimoto's, RA, MS, and other autoimmune patterns
• Chronic fatigue and post-viral syndromes
• Concentrated reconstitution (0.5 mL) keeps the dose volume small

Same peptide, lower dose, more frequent. Improves insulin sensitivity, mitochondrial biogenesis, and VO₂ max in animal models.

• Metabolic syndrome, prediabetes, insulin resistance
• Aerobic capacity and recovery in athletes
• Falling exercise tolerance with age

Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide drives the electron transport chain and powers DNA repair via PARPs and longevity signaling via sirtuins. Levels fall sharply with age, infection, and metabolic disease.

• Cognitive clarity and energy that lasts beyond the injection
• Addiction recovery — NAD is used clinically for cravings
• Slow subcutaneous administration (often 30+ minutes) avoids the chest flush of IV pushes

A four-amino-acid peptide that selectively binds cardiolipin in the inner mitochondrial membrane, stabilizing the electron transport chain and preventing the cytochrome-c leak that drives apoptosis.

• Mitochondrial myopathies and primary mitochondrial disease
• Age-related muscle weakness and 'sarcopenia'
• Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF)

MOTS-c is a mitochondrial-derived peptide that improves insulin sensitivity and cellular energy production; 5-Amino-1MQ blocks NNMT in fat cells to restore NAD+ and SAM pools. Together they attack the two biggest drivers of stubborn body composition: sluggish mitochondria and fat-cell metabolic drag.

AM dosing is best — both compounds are stimulatory. Pairs well with zone-2 cardio protocols.

• Metabolic recomp — losing fat while building lean tissue
• Age-related energy and insulin-sensitivity decline
• Stalled progress on GLP-1s or diet alone
• Athletes optimizing endurance and recovery

NAD+ drives sirtuin activity, DNA repair, and mitochondrial energy production. Glutathione handles Phase II detox and neutralizes the oxidative stress that comes with ramping mitochondria back up. Delivered together, they cover both the energy input and the antioxidant cleanup in one shot.

Injection can sting — inject slowly. Keep vial refrigerated and shielded from light; use within 30 days of reconstitution.

• Chronic fatigue, long-COVID, and mold recovery
• Post-alcohol or heavy-medication detox support
• Age-related energy decline
• Athletes and biohackers stacking mitochondrial protocols

A short peptide bioregulator from the Khavinson Institute, specific to bronchial and lung tissue. Bioregulators are 'gene-switches' — short peptides that enter the cell nucleus and re-tune gene expression in the target organ.

Bioregulators are pulsed: 30 days on, two months off, repeat two or three times per year.

• Post-COVID lung recovery
• Chronic bronchitis, COPD
• Smokers in cessation

A peptide bioregulator targeting myocardial cells. Used in Russian cardiology as adjunctive support for aging hearts and recovery from cardiac events.

• Cardiovascular aging
• Recovery after cardiac events
• Family history of heart disease

Tripeptide bioregulator for cartilage and connective tissue. Aims to restore chondrocyte gene expression rather than simply mask joint pain.

• Early osteoarthritis
• Athletes with chronic joint wear
• Post-injury cartilage support

Acts on the cells lining the respiratory tract. Often paired with Bronchogen for full respiratory protocols.

• Chronic sinusitis and bronchitis
• Recovery from respiratory infection
• Smoker's cough

A peptide bioregulator that targets cortical neurons. Used in Russian neurology for recovery from stroke, TBI, and age-related cognitive decline.

• Post-concussion recovery
• Memory and executive function in over-60s
• Brain-fog from chronic illness

Targets hepatocytes. Used alongside metabolic and detox protocols to support the liver's repair machinery rather than overwork it.

• Fatty liver, post-alcohol recovery
• Heavy supplement or medication loads
• Hepatitis recovery